Verification report · regenerated every release

359/359 published checks pass.

Every Volex calculation module is validated against worked examples from published engineering references — design-code tables, textbooks, and institute publications. This page is generated from the actual validation run for v78.1.116: every case, its source, and the exact error. Nothing summarised, nothing hidden.

100%cases passing
359published checks
74module suites
7.11%largest error

How this works

Each validation case reproduces a worked example exactly as published — the AISC Steel Construction Manual capacity tables, SCI publications, Mosley, Bungey & Hulse for EC2, Eurocode annex examples, and peer textbook solutions — then runs the same problem through the Volex calculation engine and compares every published quantity.

Pass criterion: the computed value must fall within the case's declared tolerance band — typically 1–3%, which accounts for rounding in published intermediate steps; deflection-type quantities use wider bands (each case shows its own, below). The suite runs in CI; this page is regenerated from a real run on every release with python3 scripts/generate_verification_page.py. The largest error in this run is 7.11% (Composite slab unpropped — large construction deflection (delta_construction_mm) — inside its ±10% band).

All cases pass.

Every case, every source, every error

AISC 360-22 — Steel (US) 6/6
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
W18×50 simply-supported, fully braced, φMn capacityAISC Steel Construction Manual 15th Ed, Table 3-2 (Available Flexural Strength) · pass band ±3%phi_Mn_kNm513.6513.90.06%
W18×35 at Lb = Lp (lateral-torsional buckling onset)AISC Manual Table 3-2, also Salmon & Johnson 5th Ed §9.5 · pass band ±2%phi_Mn_kNm337.6338.40.23%
W18×50 at Lb = 10ft (inelastic LTB region)AISC Manual Table 3-10 (Available Flexural Strength vs Lb) · pass band ±3%phi_Mn_kNm450444.61.20%
W18×35 shear capacity φVnAISC 360-22 §G2.1 (Webs Without Tension Field Action) · pass band ±3%phi_Vn_kN709709.10.02%
W14×68 column — AISC Manual Table 4-1 at KL=15ftAISC Manual Table 4-1; AISC 360-22 §E3 · pass band ±1%phi_Pn_kN2,6912,6950.15%
W14×68 column — slender at KL=25ft (elastic buckling)AISC Manual Table 4-1; AISC 360-22 §E3 Eq E3-3 · pass band ±2%phi_Pn_kN1,3571,3520.39%
EC2 — Reinforced concrete 8/8
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Singly-reinforced beam — Mosley/Bungey/Hulse Example 4.2Mosley, Bungey & Hulse 'RC Design to EC2' 7th Ed, Example 4.2 · pass band ±3%As_req_mm2944952.80.93%
K0.1090.11011.01%
Shear capacity VRd,c — full EC2 §6.2.2 hand calcEC2 §6.2.2 Eq 6.2 (also Mosley/Bungey/Hulse §5) · pass band ±2%VRd_c_kN70.0770.070.00%
Doubly-reinforced detection — K > K_limEC2 §5.5 / §3.1.7 — Mosley/Bungey/Hulse §4.5 · pass band ±3%K0.1840.18681.55%
Span/depth ratio — simply-supported beam, moderate loadEC2 §7.4.2 Eq 7.16, Mosley/Bungey/Hulse Table 6.10 · pass band ±2%span_to_depth_actual13.3313.420.70%
Punching shear — internal column, VEd=200kN, ρ=0.5%EC2 §6.4; Concrete Centre CCIP-021 · pass band ±5%overall_util0.460.460.00%
Punching shear — internal column, VEd=600kN, reinforcement triggeredEC2 §6.4 — shear reinforcement when util > 1 · pass band ±5%overall_util1.3791.3790.00%
Punching shear with moment — e_x=100mm internal columnEC2 §6.4.3(3) Eq 6.39 — eccentricity factor β for internal column · pass band ±3%overall_util0.770.770.00%
Punching shear — high eccentricity, util > 1EC2 §6.4.3(3) — verify β scaling at large e · pass band ±3%overall_util1.4531.4530.00%
EC2 §6.3 — RC torsion 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
EC2 §6.3 TRd,max — 300×600, fck=30, cot θ=2EC2 §6.3.2 Eq (6.30); Mosley/Bungey/Hulse §8.5 · pass band ±1%TRd_max_kNm84.4884.480.00%
EC2 §6.3.2 longitudinal Asl for torsion (bug-fix regression)EC2 §6.3.2 Eq (6.28); Mosley/Bungey/Hulse §8.5.4 · pass band ±2%Asl_req_mm21,6101,6100.00%
EC2 §6.3.2(5) transverse Asw/s combined torsion + shearEC2 §6.3.2(5); Mosley/Bungey/Hulse §8.5.5 · pass band ±3%Asw_s_mm2_mm0.56550.56550.00%
EC2 §6.3 TRd,max at cot θ=1 (θ=45° strut)EC2 §6.3 — strut angle dependency Eq (6.30) · pass band ±2%TRd_max_kNm105.6105.60.00%
EC2 §6.3.2 Eq (6.29) torsion+shear interactionEC2 §6.3.2 Eq (6.29) · pass band ±3%combined_util1.2311.2310.00%
EC3 — Steel members 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
UB 457×191×67 S355 fully restrained — Mc,RdSCI P363 Blue Book — UB section tables S355 · pass band ±1%Mb_Rd_kNm521.9521.90.00%
chi_LT110.00%
UB 457×191×67 S355 at L_cr=5.0m — Mb,RdSCI P363 Blue Book — UB Mb,Rd capacity tables (normal conditions) · pass band ±2%Mb_Rd_kNm292.5292.50.01%
chi_LT0.5610.56050.10%
UB 457×191×67 S355 at L_cr=2.0m — onset of LTBEC3 §6.3.2.3 Eq 6.56 (general method) — SCI P363 conservative basis · pass band ±2%chi_LT0.9060.9060.01%
UB 457×191×67 S355 at L_cr=10m — long unrestrained lengthSCI P363 Blue Book — Mb,Rd capacity tables, long Lcr · pass band ±15%Mb_Rd_kNm130126.72.54%
EC5 — Timber members 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
C24 100×200 simple beam, 4m span, MEd=5kNmEC5 §6.1.6 + standard textbook examples (kmod from Table 3.1) · pass band ±1%utilisation0.5080.50780.04%
fmd14.7714.770.00%
C16 100×200 — verify class adjustmentEC5 §6.1.6 with C16 properties from EN 338 Table 1 · pass band ±1.5%utilisation0.7620.76170.04%
fmd9.859.850.00%
C24 beam in service class 3 (external)EC5 Table 3.1 — kmod reduction for service class 3 · pass band ±2%utilisation0.6250.6250.00%
fmd12120.00%
C24 beam with permanent load durationEC5 Table 3.1 — kmod = 0.6 for permanent action, SC1 · pass band ±2%utilisation0.6770.67710.01%
fmd11.0811.080.00%
EC6 — Masonry 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
EC6 §3.6.1.2 Eq (3.1) characteristic strength fkEC6 §3.6.1.2 Eq (3.1); Curtin et al. §3 · pass band ±1%fk_MPa6.7876.7870.00%
EC6 design strength fd = fk/γMEC6 §2.4.3 + UK NA Table NA.1 · pass band ±1%fd_MPa2.9512.9510.00%
EC6 Annex G Φm at mid-height (bug-fix regression)EC6 Annex G Eq (G.4); Curtin et al. §6 · pass band ±2%phi_mid0.44850.44850.00%
EC6 §6.1 vertical capacity NRd per metreEC6 §6.1.2.1 Eq (6.2); standard EC6 wall check · pass band ±1%NRd_kN_per_m135.7135.70.00%
EC6 §5.5.1 slenderness ratio SR ≤ 27EC6 §5.5.1.4 + UK NA NDP · pass band ±0.5%SR26.3426.340.00%
EC7 — Foundations 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Square pad footing — axial 1000 kN, q_allow=150 kPaEC7 §6.5; Bond & Harris 'Decoding Eurocode 7' Ch 6 · pass band ±3%q_max_kPa1241240.01%
Pad with moment — N=1000kN, M=50kNmEC7 §6.5; Bond & Harris Ex 6.3 · pass band ±10%q_max_kPa145139.53.79%
Pad reinforcement — minimum As enforcedEC2 §9.8.2 cl 9.8.2.1 — minimum reinforcement in pads · pass band ±3%Asx_req_mm21,7501,7500.00%
Bored pile 600mm × 12m — characteristic capacity Rc,kEC7 §7; Bond & Harris Ch 7; ICE Manual of Geotechnical Engineering Vol II · pass band ±5%Rc_k_kN1,1691,1690.00%
EC8 — Seismic 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Fundamental period T1 via Ct methodEC8 §4.3.3.2.2(3) Eq 4.6 · pass band ±1%T10.6480.64790.01%
Base shear Fb — EC8 Eq 4.5EC8 §4.3.3.2.2 Eq 4.5 · pass band ±2%Vb_kN710709.90.02%
Linear scaling with ag — half seismicityEC8 §3.2.2.5 — spectrum scales linearly with ag · pass band ±2%Vb_kN355354.90.02%
Soil class D (soft) — verify amplification factor SEC8 Table 3.2 — Type 1 spectrum parameters · pass band ±3%Vb_kN1,0351,0350.03%
EC1-1-4 — Wind loading 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Basic wind velocity vb — directional factors = 1.0BS EN 1991-1-4 §4.2 Eq 4.1; UK NA Table NA.1 · pass band ±0.5%vb23230.00%
Peak velocity pressure qp — CAT_II, z=10mBS EN 1991-1-4 §4.5 Eq 4.8; Cook 'Designers' Guide' · pass band ±3%qp_kPa0.7630.76280.03%
Turbulence intensity Iv — CAT_II z=10mBS EN 1991-1-4 §4.4 Eq 4.7 · pass band ±2%Iv0.1890.18870.14%
Terrain CAT_IV (city) — verify qp reduction vs CAT_IIBS EN 1991-1-4 §4.3 + Table 4.1 (terrain category roughness) · pass band ±10%qp_kPa0.3890.38141.95%
BS 5950 — Steel (UK legacy) 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
UB 457×191×67 S355 — section moment capacity McSCI P202 Steelwork Design Guide; BS 5950-1:2000 cl 4.2.5 · pass band ±1%Mc_kNm521.9521.90.00%
UB 457×191×67 S355 LE=5.0m — Mb (LTB)BS 5950-1:2000 cl 4.3.6, Tables 16-19; SCI P202 · pass band ±5%Mb_kNm215212.21.32%
UB 457×191×67 S355 — shear capacity PvBS 5950-1:2000 cl 4.2.3; SCI P202 · pass band ±1%Pv_kN821820.90.01%
UB 457×191×67 S355 — Class 1 (plastic) classificationBS 5950-1:2000 Table 11; SCI P202 §3.5 · pass band ±1%epsilon0.880.880.00%
Continuous beams — three-moment 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Two-span equal UDL — middle support momentTimoshenko 'Theory of Structures' §10.3; Hibbeler Ch 10 · pass band ±0.5%M_support_2_kNm-90-900.00%
Three-span equal UDL — interior support momentsTimoshenko 'Theory of Structures' §10.3; standard UK textbook · pass band ±0.5%M_support_2_kNm-36-360.00%
M_support_3_kNm-36-360.00%
Three-span unequal — three-moment equationClapeyron's three-moment equation; Hibbeler Ch 10 · pass band ±1%M_support_2_kNm-26.92-26.920.00%
M_support_3_kNm-26.92-26.920.00%
Two-span with UDL only on first spanStandard structural analysis — partial loading · pass band ±1%M_support_2_kNm-45-450.00%
EC3-1-8 — Connections 3/3
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
4-bolt symmetric pattern — eccentric shear (Vy=100, M=10)Trahair & Bradford §13.4 elastic bolt group method; SCI P358 · pass band ±0.5%F_max_kN64.3564.350.00%
Fx_max_kN31.2531.250.00%
Fy_max_kN56.2556.250.00%
4-bolt pure shear — no momentTrivial case; equal distribution · pass band ±0.5%F_max_kN25250.00%
Fy_max_kN25250.00%
M20 8.8 bolt shear capacity Fv,RdEC3-1-8 §3.6.1 Table 3.4 Eq 3.4 · pass band ±2%Fv_Rd_kN73.473.40.00%
EC4 — Composite beams 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
UB 457×191×67 composite beam — degree of shear connection ηJohnson 'Composite Structures of Steel and Concrete' 4th Ed Ex 3.1; SCI P356 · pass band ±2%eta0.9280.9280.00%
UB 457×191×67 composite MRd > 1.5× bare steel MplEC4 §6.2.1.2 plastic resistance; Johnson Ch 3 · pass band ±3%MRd_comp_kNm830.3830.30.00%
Composite construction stage MRd,constr (LTB during pour)EC4 §6.4.2; SCI P356 — construction stage check · pass band ±3%MRd_constr_kNm453.8453.80.00%
Composite beam stud countEC4 §6.6.1; SCI P356 stud detailing · pass band ±5%n_studs_total60600.00%
EC5 Annex B — CLT panels 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
5-ply 200mm CLT residential floor — typical loadsproHolz CLT Handbook; KLH/Stora Enso CLT design tables · pass band ±3%overall_util0.5810.5810.00%
total_thickness_mm2002000.00%
n_layers550.00%
3-ply 120mm CLT, 4m span, light residential loadsEC5 Annex B; CLT manufacturer load span tables · pass band ±2%total_thickness_mm1201200.00%
n_layers330.00%
7-ply 280mm CLT, 8m span, residential loadsEC5 Annex B; KLH/Stora Enso long-span tables · pass band ±2%total_thickness_mm2802800.00%
n_layers770.00%
5-ply 200mm CLT overloaded — verify FAILEC5 limits — utilisation > 1 must be flagged · pass band ±2%total_thickness_mm2002000.00%
EC1-1-3 — Snow loading 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Snow Zone 1 (SE England) at 100m altitude — skBS EN 1991-1-3 UK NA Eq NA.1; Cook & Pendlebury Designers' Guide · pass band ±2%sk_kNm20.5240.5240.00%
Pitched roof shape factor μ1 at 15°BS EN 1991-1-3 §5.3.3 Figure 5.1 · pass band ±1%mu10.80.80.00%
Steep pitched roof (45°) — μ1 reducesBS EN 1991-1-3 §5.3.3 Eq 5.2 · pass band ±5%mu10.40.40.00%
Slope stability 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Classic drained slope — H=6m, β=30°, c'=5, φ'=25°Bishop (1955); Craig 'Soil Mechanics' 7th Ed Ch 9 · pass band ±3%FoS_min1.5511.5510.00%
EC3-1-3 — Cold-formed steel 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
C 200×65×15×2.0 S350GD — Mc,Rd cross-section resistanceEC3-1-3 §6.1.4; Tata/Albion technical handbook · pass band ±2%Mc_Rd_kNm7.1447.1440.00%
C 200×65×15×2.0 at L=4m — Mb,Rd (LTB)EC3-1-3 §6.2.4 LTB for cold-formed beams · pass band ±3%Mc_Rd_kNm7.1447.1440.00%
Mb_Rd_kNm2.272.270.00%
C 200×65×15×2.0 — Vc,Rd shear capacityEC3-1-3 §6.1.5 shear resistance · pass band ±3%Vc_Rd_kN79.2179.210.00%
EC3-1-9 — Weld fatigue 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Detail category 80, ΔσE=50 MPa, N=1e6 — Miner damageEN 1993-1-9 §7.1; Hobbacher IIW Recommendations 2nd Ed · pass band ±2%DeltaSigmaC_MPa80800.00%
DeltaSigmaRd_MPa69.5769.570.00%
Miner_D0.12210.12210.00%
fatigue_life_cycles8,192,0008,192,0000.00%
Detail category 36 (poor detail) — should FAILEN 1993-1-9 Table 8.7 (poor weld details) · pass band ±1%DeltaSigmaC_MPa36360.00%
Detail category 125 (rolled section, no welds)EN 1993-1-9 Table 8.1 (high-quality details) · pass band ±1%DeltaSigmaC_MPa1251250.00%
Cat 80, ΔσE=20 MPa — below cut-off limitEN 1993-1-9 §7.1 — constant amplitude fatigue limit · pass band ±1%DeltaSigmaC_MPa80800.00%
Retaining walls 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Rankine Ka at φ=30° — textbook standardRankine (1857); Craig 'Soil Mechanics' 7th Ed §11.3 · pass band ±0.5%Ka0.33330.33330.00%
Kp330.00%
Rankine Ka/Kp at φ=35° (dense sand)Craig 'Soil Mechanics' 7th Ed Table 11.1 · pass band ±0.5%Ka0.2710.2710.00%
Kp3.693.690.00%
Gravity wall H=3m φ=30° — active thrust PaRankine active pressure; Craig 7th Ed §11.3 · pass band ±1%Pa_kN_per_m27270.00%
Gravity wall sliding FoS checkEC7 §9.7.3; Bond & Harris §9.3 · pass band ±2%FoS_sliding2.312.310.00%
Gravity wall overturning FoS checkEC7 §9.7.4; classical earth pressure theory · pass band ±2%FoS_overturning5.835.830.00%
M_overturning_kNm27270.00%
EC3-1-5 — Plate girders 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Plate girder Mf,Rd (flanges only)EC3-1-5 §7; basic lever arm × flange yield force · pass band ±0.5%Mf_Rd_kNm5,4145,4140.00%
Plate girder Vbw,Rd (web shear, a/hw=1.5)EC3-1-5 §5.3 Eq (5.2); SCI P364 · pass band ±1%Vbw_Rd_kN1,5031,5030.00%
chi_w0.5380.5380.00%
Plate girder Vbf,Rd (flange contribution, after bug fix)EC3-1-5 §5.4 Eq (5.8); ICE Designers' Guide to EN 1993-1-5 · pass band ±2%Vbf_Rd_kN115.6115.60.00%
Plate girder web classification (Class 4 slender)EC3-1-1 Table 5.2; EC3-1-5 §4 · pass band ±0.5%web_class440.00%
Plate girder Vbf,Rd at MEd=0 (no moment penalty)EC3-1-5 §5.4 — (1-ratio²) multiplier · pass band ±2%Vbf_Rd_kN134133.90.07%
Steel in fire 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Steel critical temperature θa,cr at μ0=0.6EN 1993-1-2:2005 §4.2.4 Eq (4.22) · pass band ±0.5%theta_cr_C554.3554.30.00%
Steel critical temperature θa,cr at μ0=0.3EN 1993-1-2:2005 Eq (4.22) · pass band ±0.5%theta_cr_C663.8663.80.00%
Steel critical temperature θa,cr at μ0=0.7EN 1993-1-2:2005 Eq (4.22) · pass band ±0.5%theta_cr_C525.8525.80.00%
Unprotected steel temp at 60min ISO 834 fireEN 1991-1-2 §3.2.1 ISO 834 curve; Lennon et al. Ch 3 · pass band ±1%theta_fire_C945.3945.30.00%
theta_steel_unprotected_C940.4940.40.00%
Steel fire — protection required at μ0=0.6, 60min ratingEN 1993-1-2 §4.2.5; Lennon et al. Ch 5 (Passive Protection) · pass band ±15%dp_required_mm13130.00%
RC staircases 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Staircase slope and slope lengthGeometric — Mosley/Bungey/Hulse §11.7 · pass band ±0.5%slope_deg35.7535.80.14%
Ls_m4.9294.9290.00%
Staircase design load on plan nEdEC0 §6.4.3 + Mosley/Bungey/Hulse §11.7 · pass band ±1%n_Ed_kPa15.815.80.00%
Staircase MEd and VEd (simply supported on plan)Standard simple-beam analysis on horizontal span · pass band ±1%MEd_kNm_m31.631.60.00%
VEd_kN_m31.631.60.00%
Staircase tension steel As_req (bug-fix regression)EC2 §6.1 + Mosley/Bungey/Hulse §11.7; CCIP-006 · pass band ±2%As_req_mm2_m6576570.00%
Staircase effective depth dEC2 §4.4 cover; standard d calculation · pass band ±0.5%d_mm1191190.00%
Catenary cables 4/4
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Catenary horizontal component H = wL²/(8f)Timoshenko 'Theory of Structures' §6.10; Hibbeler §5 · pass band ±0.5%H_kN50500.00%
Catenary T_max at supportsHibbeler §5.2 — cable subjected to UDL · pass band ±0.5%T_max_kN53.8553.90.09%
V_kN20200.00%
Catenary cable length (parabolic approximation)Timoshenko §6.10 — series expansion of cable length · pass band ±1%L_cable_m20.5220.520.01%
Catenary with double sag — verify H ∝ 1/fCable mechanics fundamental — H inversely proportional to sag · pass band ±0.5%H_kN25250.00%
Biaxial bending 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
UB 457×191×67 Npl,Rd plastic axial resistanceEC3 §6.2.4 Eq (6.10) · pass band ±0.5%Npl_Rd3,035,2503,035,2500.00%
UB 457×191×67 Mpl,y,Rd and Mpl,z,RdEC3 §6.2.5 Eq (6.13) · pass band ±0.5%My_pl_Rd521,850521,8500.00%
Mz_pl_Rd84,13584,1350.00%
UB 457×191×67 MN,y,Rd / MN,z,Rd at low axialEC3 §6.2.9.1 Eq (6.36), (6.37) · pass band ±0.5%MN_y_Rd521,850521,8500.00%
MN_z_Rd84,13584,1350.00%
UB 457×191×67 biaxial interaction (no buckling) Eq (6.41)EC3 §6.2.9.1 Eq (6.41); Trahair §10.3 · pass band ±1%biaxial_util0.27440.27440.01%
UB 457×191×67 beam-column interaction Eq (6.61)EC3 §6.3.3 Eq (6.61); ICE Designers' Guide §4 · pass band ±2%util_6_610.5320.5320.01%
Portal frames 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Portal rafter sloped length — pitch geometryBasic geometry; SCI P397 §3.1 · pass band ±0.1%rafter_length_m15.0815.080.00%
Portal ridge height — eaves + apex riseBasic geometry; SCI P397 §3.1 · pass band ±0.1%ridge_m7.5777.5770.00%
Portal frame steel weight (2 rafters + 2 columns)Section mass × length; SCI/BCSA tables · pass band ±1%frame_weight_kg3,6923,6920.00%
Portal sway limit h/150 per SCI P397SCI P397 §4.4 (serviceability limits for portal frames) · pass band ±0.1%sway_limit_mm40400.00%
Portal vertical deflection check catches L/200 exceedanceSCI P397 §4.4; Steel Designers' Manual · pass band ±0.1%deflection_ok000.00%
Sheet piles 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Sheet pile Ka at φ=30° (Rankine)Rankine (1857); Craig §11.7; Bond & Harris Ch 12 · pass band ±0.5%Ka0.33330.33330.00%
Sheet pile Kp at φ=30° (Rankine)Rankine (1857); Craig §11.7 · pass band ±0.5%Kp330.00%
Sheet pile active pressure at dredge levelRankine active stress; Bond & Harris Ch 12 · pass band ±0.5%pa_H_kPa30300.00%
Sheet pile Kp_eff with FoS=1.5EC7 partial factor approach; CIRIA C760 · pass band ±0.5%Kp_eff220.00%
Knet1.6671.6670.00%
Sheet pile maximum bending moment (H=5m sand)Craig §11.7 worked example; Free Earth Support analysis · pass band ±3%Mmax_kNm_per_m1301300.00%
EC2 — Flat slabs 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Flat slab design load nEdEC0 §6.4.3 + Concrete Centre CCIP-022 · pass band ±0.5%n_Ed_kPa7.27.20.00%
Flat slab effective depth dEC2 §4.4 cover + Mosley/Bungey/Hulse §11.4 · pass band ±0.5%d_mm2192190.00%
Flat slab L/d ratioEC2 §7.4.2; Concrete Centre CCIP-022 Table 7.4 · pass band ±0.5%Ld_ratio27.427.40.00%
Flat slab column-strip / middle-strip moment ratioEC2 Annex I; CCIP-022 §5.4 · pass band ±3%M_col_x_kNm_m19.4419.440.00%
M_mid_x_kNm_m12.9612.960.00%
Flat slab punching shear vEd at interior columnEC2 §6.4.2; CCIP-022 §6 · pass band ±3%vEd_MPa0.31270.31270.00%
vRd_c_MPa0.57880.57880.00%
Pile caps 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Pile cap V per pile (axial only)Static equilibrium; Concrete Centre CCIP-021 · pass band ±0.5%V_per_pile_kN5005000.00%
Pile cap plan dimensions (size_mm field present)Typical detailing: 300mm edge to pile centre · pass band ±0.5%cap_width_mm2,4002,4000.00%
Pile cap effective depth dEC2 §4.4 cover requirements for foundations · pass band ±0.5%d_mm7107100.00%
Pile cap As controlled by EC2 §9.2.1.1 minimumEC2 §9.2.1.1 Eq (9.1N); IStructE Manual §11 · pass band ±1%As_x_mm22,2152,2150.00%
As_y_mm22,2152,2150.00%
Pile cap punching shear OK at design loadEC2 §6.4 (punching) applied to pile caps · pass band ±1%punching_col_passes110.00%
punching_pile_passes110.00%
EC3-1-8 — Moment connections 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
End-plate Mj,Rd via component method (4 bolts in tension)EC3-1-8 §6.2.7; SCI P398 §3.5; SCI P207 · pass band ±2%Mj_Rd_kNm223.3223.30.00%
End-plate Vj,Rd shear resistanceEC3-1-8 §3.6 combined tension+shear; SCI P398 §3.6 · pass band ±3%Vj_Rd_kN293.6293.60.00%
End-plate moment utilisation MEd/Mj,RdEC3-1-8 §6.1.2; SCI P398 verification format · pass band ±1%MEd_util0.8960.8960.00%
Hollow-core slabs 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Hollow-core design load nEdEC0 §6.4.3 + manufacturer SW catalogues · pass band ±1%n_Ed_kPa14.0514.050.00%
Hollow-core applied moment MEdSimple beam analysis; Goodchild §10 · pass band ±0.5%MEd_kNm134.9134.90.01%
Hollow-core MRd capped at manufacturer prestress capacityBison/Tarmac/Spancrete Class A prestress catalogues · pass band ±2%MRd_kNm1181180.00%
Hollow-core bending check fails for over-spanned unitManufacturer load-span tables; EC2 capacity limits · pass band ±0.5%bending_passes_num000.00%
Hollow-core 6m span passes (within capacity)Manufacturer load-span tables — 200mm HC at 6m span typical · pass band ±0.5%bending_passes_num110.00%
Prestressed concrete 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Prestressed initial force P0 = Ap·σp0EC2 §5.10.2.1 — initial prestressing stress limits · pass band ±0.5%P0_kN1,1161,1160.00%
Prestressed long-term loss percentageEC2 §5.10.6 — time-dependent losses · pass band ±10%loss_pct23.523.50.00%
Prestressed long-term effective force P∞EC2 §5.10 — effective prestress after losses · pass band ±2%P_inf_kN8538530.00%
Prestressed σ at top fibre at transferEC2 §5.10.2.2 — transfer stress limits; Hurst Ch 5 · pass band ±10%sigma_top_transfer-7.4-7.390.14%
Properly-sized prestressed beam passes overallEC2 §5.10 — full check at transfer and service · pass band ±0.5%overall_passes_num110.00%
Concrete anchors 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
M16 8.8 anchor steel tension NRd,sEN 1992-4 §7.2.1.3 Eq (7.1); CEN/TS 1992-4 D.1 · pass band ±2%N_Rd_s_kN109.2109.10.09%
Single anchor concrete cone NRd,c (no group reduction)EN 1992-4 §7.2.1.4 Eq (7.2); Mallée & Burkhardt §5.2 · pass band ±2%N_Rd_c_kN33.733.70.00%
4-anchor group concrete cone NRd,c (with 0.85 factor)EN 1992-4 §7.2.1.4 group reduction · pass band ±2%N_Rd_c_kN114.7114.70.00%
Anchor steel shear VRd,sEN 1992-4 §7.2.2.2 Eq (7.17); α_v = 0.5 typical · pass band ±2%V_Rd_s_kN54.654.50.18%
Anchor combined tension+shear interactionEN 1992-4 §7.2.3 Eq (7.54) · pass band ±10%combined_util0.2320.2310.43%
Crane girders 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
UB 610×229×125 plastic MRdEC3 §6.2.5 Eq (6.13) · pass band ±0.5%MRd_kNm1,3061,3060.00%
Crane girder vertical deflection limit L/600EN 1993-6 §7.3 Table 7.1 · pass band ±1%delta_limit_mm13.313.30.00%
Crane girder static utilisation MEd/MRdEN 1993-6 §6 + EN 1993-1-1 strength check · pass band ±2%static_util0.2850.2850.00%
Crane girder vertical deflection passesStandard beam deflection analysis under moving loads · pass band ±10%delta_vert_mm10.310.30.00%
Crane girder fatigue passes at S4 classEN 1993-1-9 detail categories + EN 1993-6 fatigue check · pass band ±0.5%fatigue_passes_num110.00%
Castellated beams 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Castellated depth — 50% extension over parentSCI P355 §2.3; Westok/CelBeam standard geometry · pass band ±2%D_mm6806800.00%
Castellated bending utilisation at w=5 kN/mEC3 §6.2.5; SCI P355 §5.1 · pass band ±10%bending_util0.0570.0570.00%
Castellated web post utilisation at w=5 (load-dependent)SCI P355 §5.2 — web post shear/buckling check · pass band ±5%web_post_util0.9460.9460.00%
Castellated web post at w=10 (2× load → 2× util)Linear elasticity — shear demand ∝ load · pass band ±5%web_post_util1.8921.8920.00%
Castellated Vierendeel utilisation at openingSCI P355 §4 — Vierendeel action at openings · pass band ±5%vierendeel_util0.1350.1350.00%
RC walls 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
RC wall classification — squat (hw/lw ≤ 2)EC8 §5.4.3.4 / general wall classification · pass band ±0.5%wall_type_squat110.00%
RC wall minimum vertical reinforcementEC2 §9.6.2(1) — As,vmin = 0.002·Ac · pass band ±1%As_min_vert_mm2_m4004000.00%
RC wall minimum horizontal reinforcementEC2 §9.6.3(1) — As,hmin = max(0.25·As,v ; 0.001·Ac) · pass band ±1%As_min_horiz_mm2_m2002000.00%
RC wall bending check fails for over-momentEC2 §6.1 + §9.6.2(1) — 4% max reinforcement; concrete ceiling · pass band ±0.5%bending_passes_num000.00%
RC wall bending passes at moderate momentEC2 §6.1 wall flexural capacity · pass band ±0.5%bending_passes_num110.00%
RC corbels 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Corbel strut inclination angleEC2 §6.5.3 + §J.3 strut-and-tie geometry · pass band ±3%theta_deg63.863.80.00%
Corbel primary tension tie reinforcementEC2 §J.3 — tie force Ftd = VEd·ac/z + HEd · pass band ±5%As_main_mm24084080.00%
Corbel horizontal link reinforcementEC2 §J.3(2) — As,lnk ≥ k1·As,main · pass band ±5%As_horiz_mm22042040.00%
Corbel bearing check fails for small plateEC2 §6.5.4 — node compression limit σRd,max · pass band ±0.5%bearing_ok_num000.00%
Corbel bearing passes for adequate plateEC2 §6.5.4 — node compression limit · pass band ±0.5%bearing_ok_num110.00%
EC5 — Timber rafters/joists/studs 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
C24 joist design bending stress σm,dEC5 §6.1.6; Porteous & Kermani §4 · pass band ±2%sigma_m_kNm28,3308,3300.00%
C24 design bending strength fm,dEC5 §2.4.1 + §3.2; EN 338 strength class C24 · pass band ±2%fm_d_kNm214,76914,7690.00%
C24 joist final deflection with creepEC5 §2.2.3 + §7.2; kdef=0.6 for SC1 solid timber · pass band ±3%deflection_mm13.9313.930.00%
Under-sized joist fails deflection (span/400)EC5 §7.2 serviceability deflection limits · pass band ±3%overall_util1.3931.3930.00%
Adequate joist (47×225) passes all checksEC5 §6 + §7 — full member verification · pass band ±3%overall_util0.9780.9780.00%
RC in fire 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
RC fire axis distance a = cover + φ/2EN 1992-1-2 §5.2 — axis distance definition · pass band ±1%a_axis_mm45450.00%
RC fire axis distance check passes for R60EN 1992-1-2 Table 5.5 — beam tabulated requirements · pass band ±0.5%axis_ok_num110.00%
RC fire reduced section (500°C isotherm, 3-sided)EN 1992-1-2 Annex B.1 — 500°C isotherm method · pass band ±3%b_red_mm2662660.00%
h_red_mm4834830.00%
RC fire moment resistance MRd,fire ≥ MEd,fireEN 1992-1-2 §4.2 + Annex B — reduced section capacity · pass band ±3%MRd_fire_kNm193.5193.50.00%
RC fire — adequately detailed beam passes R60EN 1992-1-2 §5 + Annex B combined verification · pass band ±0.5%passes_num110.00%
Composite slabs 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Composite slab design moment MEdEC0 load combination + simple span analysis · pass band ±3%MEd_kNm_m16.0416.040.02%
Composite slab moment resistance MRdEC4 §9.7.2 — plastic moment of composite section · pass band ±8%MRd_kNm_m4441.276.22%
Composite slab propped — low construction deflectionEC4 §9.3.2 + §9.8 — propped construction · pass band ±10%delta_construction_mm2.282.280.00%
Composite slab unpropped — large construction deflectionEC4 §9.3.2 — bare steel deck carries wet concrete · pass band ±10%delta_construction_mm38.5241.267.11%
Composite slab (150mm, propped) passes overallEC4 §9 + EC4-1-2 §4 combined verification · pass band ±0.5%overall_pass_num110.00%
Flitch beams 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Flitch beam composite stiffness EITransformed-section method; Ozelton & Baird §4.13 · pass band ±2%EI_kNm22,0892,0890.00%
Flitch beam deflection δ = 5wL⁴/384EIStandard beam deflection; EC5 §7.2 · pass band ±2%delta_mm15.9515.950.00%
Flitch beam fails deflection (under-sized)EC5 §7.2 — serviceability deflection limit · pass band ±3%overall_util1.4361.4360.00%
Flitch beam (47×250 + 12mm plate) passesEC5 + EC3 combined member verification · pass band ±5%overall_util0.6480.6480.00%
Flitch beam EI scales with depth cubedEI ∝ h³ for rectangular sections · pass band ±3%EI_kNm24,0804,0810.02%
EC3 §6.3.3 — Beam-columns 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
UC 254×254×73 NRk = A·fyEC3 §6.3.1.1 — characteristic compression resistance · pass band ±0.5%NRk_kN3,3053,3050.00%
UC 254×254×73 My,Rk = Wpl,y·fyEC3 §6.2.5 — plastic moment resistance · pass band ±0.5%My_Rk_kNm352.2352.20.00%
Beam-column interaction factor kyyEC3 Annex B Table B.1 (Method 2) · pass band ±3%kyy1.0281.0280.01%
Beam-column Eq (6.61) utilisationEC3 §6.3.3 Eq (6.61) · pass band ±3%util_eq610.6170.6170.00%
Beam-column fails at heavy combined loadEC3 §6.3.3 — interaction exceedance · pass band ±0.5%passes_num000.00%
Plate buckling 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
UB 457×191×67 in bending → Class 1EC3 Table 5.2 sheet 1 (bending); SCI P363 Blue Book · pass band ±0.5%section_class110.00%
UB 457×191×67 flange → Class 1EC3 Table 5.2 sheet 2 — outstand compression flange · pass band ±0.5%flange_class110.00%
UB 457×191×67 web in bending → Class 1EC3 Table 5.2 sheet 1 — internal part in bending (72ε limit) · pass band ±0.5%web_class110.00%
UB 457×191×67 web in pure compression → Class 4EC3 Table 5.2 sheet 1 — internal part in compression (33ε limit) · pass band ±0.5%web_class440.00%
Slender plate girder (6mm web, 1m deep) → Class 4EC3-1-5 §4 — slender web requires effective section · pass band ±0.5%web_class440.00%
Yield-line analysis 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
SS square slab — m = wu·L²/24Johansen yield-line theory; Kennedy & Goodchild §3 · pass band ±2%m_req_kNm_m22.522.50.00%
SS rectangular slab 4×6m — Johansen affine formulaJohansen yield-line; Kennedy & Goodchild §3.2 · pass band ±2%m_req_kNm_m14.1414.140.02%
SS square slab 8×8m — m scales with L²Johansen yield-line — m ∝ L² · pass band ±2%m_req_kNm_m40400.00%
Yield-line FoS = 1.0 for matched designJohansen — collapse load equals design load when m sized exactly · pass band ±2%FoS110.00%
Yield-line m scales linearly with loadJohansen — m ∝ wu · pass band ±2%m_req_kNm_m45450.00%
Water-retaining structures 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Water tank wall base moment (4m deep)Hydrostatic cantilever: M = γ·H³/6; EC2-3 γf=1.4 · pass band ±2%MEd_kNm_m149.3149.30.00%
Water tank wall base shear (4m deep)Hydrostatic cantilever: V = γ·H²/2; EC2-3 γf=1.4 · pass band ±2%VEd_kN_m1121120.00%
Water tank wall moment scales with H³Hydrostatic cantilever — M ∝ H³ · pass band ±2%MEd_kNm_m5045040.00%
Water tank wall crack width ≤ 0.2mmEC2-3 §7.3 + EC2-1-1 §7.3.4 — crack width control · pass band ±0.5%crack_ok_num110.00%
Water tank wall (350mm, 4m) passes overallEC2-3 combined strength + crack verification · pass band ±0.5%overall_pass_num110.00%
Floor vibration 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Steel floor fundamental frequency f1AISC DG11 §3.2; SCI P354 §2 · pass band ±2%f1_Hz6.1326.1320.00%
Steel floor frequency above 3 Hz thresholdAISC DG11 §4.1 — low-frequency floor threshold · pass band ±0.5%freq_passes_num110.00%
Steel floor peak acceleration within limitAISC DG11 §4.1 Eq (4.1) — ap/g vs comfort limit · pass band ±0.5%accel_passes_num110.00%
Steel floor frequency drops with span (f1 ∝ 1/L²)AISC DG11 — frequency scales inversely with span squared · pass band ±3%f1_Hz3.4493.450.03%
Timber floor fundamental frequency (EC5)EC5 §7.3.3 Eq (7.5) · pass band ±0.5%freq_passes_num110.00%
Consolidation settlement 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Primary consolidation settlement (NC clay)Terzaghi 1-D consolidation; Craig §7.5 · pass band ±2%Sc_mm88880.00%
Secondary compression settlementTerzaghi/Mesri secondary compression; Craig §7.10 · pass band ±3%Ss_mm28.328.30.00%
Time for 50% consolidationTerzaghi 1-D solution — Tv(50%)=0.197 · pass band ±3%t_50_days161.3161.30.00%
Time for 90% consolidation (bug-fix regression)Terzaghi 1-D — Casagrande Tv(90%)=0.848 · pass band ±3%t_90_days696.4696.40.00%
Time for 95% consolidationTerzaghi 1-D — Casagrande Tv(95%)=1.129 · pass band ±3%t_95_days927.1927.10.00%
Driven piles 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Driven pile shaft friction Qs (Meyerhof, sand)Meyerhof (1976); Tomlinson & Woodward §4 · pass band ±2%Qs_kN725.7725.70.00%
Driven pile base resistance Qb (Meyerhof, sand)Meyerhof (1976) — end bearing qb = 400·N · pass band ±2%Qb_kN1,3471,3470.00%
Driven pile total compressive resistance RtEC7 §7.6.2 — pile resistance from ground tests · pass band ±3%Rt_kN1,5351,5350.00%
Driven pile elastic compression under drivingENR pile-driving formula; Fleming et al. §5 · pass band ±10%s_elastic_mm1.661.660.00%
Driven pile base capacity scales with D²End bearing Qb = qb·Abase, Abase ∝ D² · pass band ±3%Qb_kN2,7492,7490.00%
CPT interpretation 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
CPT average sleeve friction qsLunne, Robertson & Powell §5 — CPT pile design · pass band ±8%qs_avg_kPa78780.00%
CPT-derived pile shaft capacity QsLCPC/Bustamante & Gianeselli CPT pile method · pass band ±5%Qs_kN1,2251,2250.00%
CPT-derived pile base capacity QbCPT cone resistance → pile end bearing · pass band ±5%Qb_kN2,4742,4740.00%
CPT-derived total pile resistance RtEC7 §7.6.2 — pile capacity from CPT (ground test results) · pass band ±3%Rt_kN3,6993,6990.00%
CPT shallow-foundation bearing pressureSchmertmann / Meyerhof CPT-bearing correlation · pass band ±5%bearing_kPa7007000.00%
Liquefaction 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Loose sand under strong shaking → liquefiableSeed & Idriss simplified procedure; Youd et al. (2001) · pass band ±0.5%overall_liquefiable_num110.00%
Dense sand, deep GWT, weak shaking → not liquefiableSeed & Idriss simplified procedure · pass band ±0.5%overall_liquefiable_num000.00%
Liquefiable layer count (loose profile)Layer-by-layer FoS = CRR/CSR evaluation · pass band ±0.5%n_liquefiable440.00%
Shallow water table → more layers liquefyLiquefaction requires saturation — GWT controls extent · pass band ±0.5%overall_liquefiable_num110.00%
Large-magnitude event raises liquefaction riskMagnitude scaling factor (MSF) — Youd et al. (2001) · pass band ±0.5%overall_liquefiable_num110.00%
Transfer structures 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Transfer beam — two column loads, superposed momentStatics — superposition of point loads on a simple span · pass band ±1%MEd_kNm4,5004,5000.00%
Transfer beam — two column loads, end shearStatics — reaction = sum of point-load contributions · pass band ±1%VEd_kN1,5001,5000.00%
Transfer beam — single central load M = PL/4Statics — central point load on simple span · pass band ±1%MEd_kNm4,0004,0000.00%
Transfer beam — point load plus UDLStatics — superposition of point load and UDL · pass band ±1%MEd_kNm3,1603,1600.00%
Transfer beam — off-centre column loadStatics — M = R_A·a for a point load at distance a · pass band ±1%MEd_kNm3,3753,3750.00%
Masonry lintels 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Lintel ULS design loadEN 1990 Eq 6.10 load combination · pass band ±1%load_kN_m21210.00%
Lintel design moment MEdSimple beam: M = wL²/8 · pass band ±2%MEd_kNm8.518.510.00%
Lintel design shear VEdSimple beam: V = wL/2 · pass band ±2%VEd_kN18.918.90.00%
Lintel catalogue selection (smallest adequate)IG Lintels / Catnic standard load-span tables · pass band ±2%MRd_kNm15150.00%
Longer opening selects heavier lintelIG Lintels load-span tables — span-driven selection · pass band ±2%MRd_kNm45450.00%
Ground beams 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Ground beam single-span sagging momentStatics — simply-supported beam M = wL²/8 · pass band ±1%M_sagg_kNm156.2156.20.03%
Ground beam single-span end shearStatics — simply-supported beam V = wL/2 · pass band ±1%VEd_kN1251250.00%
Ground beam sagging reinforcement AsEC2 §6.1 — flexural reinforcement design · pass band ±8%As_sagg_mm28048040.00%
Continuous ground beam — hogging over supportsMoment coefficients for continuous beams; Reynolds' Handbook · pass band ±5%M_hogg_kNm156.2156.20.00%
Ground beam moment scales linearly with loadStatics — M ∝ w · pass band ±1%M_sagg_kNm312.5312.50.00%
EC2 — Bar curtailment 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
EC2 design bond strength fbd (good bond, 20mm)EC2 §8.4.2 Eq (8.2) · pass band ±2%fbd_MPa3.0413.0410.00%
EC2 basic anchorage length lb,rqd (20mm bar)EC2 §8.4.3 Eq (8.3) · pass band ±2%lb_rqd_mm7157150.00%
EC2 design anchorage length lbdEC2 §8.4.4 Eq (8.4) — lbd = α1·α2·α3·α4·α5·lb,rqd · pass band ±2%lbd_mm7157150.00%
EC2 anchorage — poor bond increases lengthEC2 §8.4.2 — η1 = 0.7 for poor bond conditions · pass band ±3%lb_rqd_mm1,0211,0210.00%
EC2 anchorage scales with bar diameterEC2 §8.4.3 — lb,rqd ∝ φ · pass band ±3%lb_rqd_mm1,1441,1440.00%
EC1 — Imposed-load reduction 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Imposed load area reduction factor αAEC1 §6.3.1.2 Eq (6.1) + UK NA 25%-max-reduction cap · pass band ±1%alpha_A0.750.750.00%
Reduced imposed load qk,redEC1 §6.3.1.2 — qk,red = αA · qk · pass band ±1%qk_reduced_kPa2.252.250.00%
Storey reduction factor αn (5 storeys)EC1 §6.3.1.2 Eq (6.2) · pass band ±2%alpha_n0.820.820.00%
Storey reduction factor αn (10 storeys)EC1 §6.3.1.2 Eq (6.2) · pass band ±2%alpha_n0.760.760.00%
Imposed reduction — single storey applies αn = 1.0EC1 §6.3.1.2 — αn = 1.0 for one storey · pass band ±0.5%alpha_n110.00%
P-M-M interaction 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Column squash load capacityEC2 §6.1 — pure axial capacity with αcc = 0.85 · pass band ±2%N_capacity_kN3,7633,7630.00%
Biaxial interaction utilisation (a from NEd/NRd)EC2 §5.8.9 Eq (5.39) — exponent method · pass band ±4%utilisation0.4690.46940.09%
Biaxial interaction at low axial load (a ≈ 1)EC2 §5.8.9 — a = 1.0 at NEd/NRd ≤ 0.1 · pass band ±4%utilisation0.71550.71550.00%
Biaxial column passes for modest momentsEC2 §5.8.9 — utilisation ≤ 1.0 · pass band ±0.5%passes_num110.00%
Biaxial column fails for large momentsEC2 §5.8.9 — interaction exceedance · pass band ±0.5%passes_num000.00%
Schmertmann settlement 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Schmertmann net foundation pressureSchmertmann (1978) — Δq = q − γ·Df · pass band ±1%q_net_kPa1821820.00%
Schmertmann depth correction C1Schmertmann (1978) — C1 = 1 − 0.5·(σ'v0/Δq) · pass band ±2%C10.9510.9510.00%
Schmertmann creep factor C2 (50-year)Schmertmann (1978) — C2 = 1 + 0.2·log10(t/0.1) · pass band ±2%C21.541.540.00%
Schmertmann settlement predictionSchmertmann (1978) — strain-influence integration · pass band ±5%s_mm19.3119.310.00%
Schmertmann settlement scales with pressureSchmertmann (1978) — s ∝ Δq (approximately) · pass band ±0.5%passes_num000.00%
RC wall shear 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
RC wall concrete shear contribution VRd,cEC2 §6.2.2 — VRd,c with axial compression enhancement · pass band ±5%VRd_c_kN234.9234.90.00%
RC wall reinforcement shear contribution VRd,sEC2 §6.2.3 — horizontal web reinforcement contribution · pass band ±5%VRd_s_kN869.6869.60.00%
RC wall total in-plane shear resistance VRdEC2 §6.2 — VRd = VRd,c + VRd,s · pass band ±3%VRd_kN1,1041,1040.00%
RC wall strut-crushing limit VRd,maxEC2 §6.2.3 Eq (6.9) — maximum shear before web crushing · pass band ±5%VRd_max_kN3,9283,9280.00%
RC wall shear passes (VEd < VRd)EC2 §6.2 — shear adequacy · pass band ±0.5%passes_num110.00%
EC5 — kmod/kdef 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
kmod — solid timber, SC1, medium-term loadEC5 Table 3.1 · pass band ±1%kmod0.80.80.00%
kmod — solid timber, SC1, permanent loadEC5 Table 3.1 · pass band ±1%kmod0.60.60.00%
kmod — solid timber, SC1, instantaneous loadEC5 Table 3.1 · pass band ±1%kmod1.11.10.00%
Design bending strength fm,dEC5 §2.4.1 Eq (2.14) — fd = kmod·fk/γM · pass band ±1%fm_d14.7714.770.01%
kmod reduced for wet service class (SC3)EC5 Table 3.1 — service class 3 (wet) reduction · pass band ±1%kmod0.650.650.00%
EC5 — Rafters 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
C24 rafter design bending strength fm,dEC5 §2.4.1 + Table 3.1 · pass band ±2%fm_d_MPa14.7714.770.00%
C24 rafter applied bending stress σm,dEC5 §6.1.6 — σm,d = MEd/W · pass band ±3%sigma_m_d_MPa9.429.420.00%
C24 rafter bending utilisationEC5 §6.1.6 — σm,d / fm,d · pass band ±3%bending_util0.6380.6380.00%
C24 rafter deflection (real value, not zero)EC5 §7.2 — δ = 5wL⁴/384EI · pass band ±8%deflection_mm13.213.20.00%
Over-spanned rafter fails deflectionEC5 §7.2 — deflection limit span/300 · pass band ±0.5%passes_num000.00%
EC5 §8 — Timber connections 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Nail embedment fh,k — not predrilled (EC5 Eq 8.15)EC5 §8.3.1.1 Eq (8.15) · pass band ±2%fh_k19.7119.710.01%
Nail embedment fh,k — predrilled (EC5 Eq 8.16)EC5 §8.3.1.1 Eq (8.16) · pass band ±2%fh_k27.727.70.02%
Bolt embedment fh,0,k (EC5 §8.5.1.1)EC5 §8.5.1.1 Eq (8.32) — parallel-to-grain bolt embedment · pass band ±2%fh_k25.2625.260.02%
Nail embedment decreases with diameter (d^-0.3)EC5 Eq 8.15 — fh,k ∝ d^(-0.3) · pass band ±3%fh_k16.5516.771.31%
Nail embedment scales linearly with densityEC5 Eq 8.15 — fh,k ∝ ρk · pass band ±2%fh_k23.6523.650.00%
EC5 — Group effects 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Effective number of bolts n_ef (row of 6)EC5 §8.5.1.1 Eq (8.34) · pass band ±2%n_ef4.2454.2450.00%
Bolt group resistance Fv,Rd,groupEC5 §8.5.1.1 — Fv,Rd,group = n_ef · Fv,Rd,single · pass band ±2%Fv_Rd_group42.4542.450.00%
Group reduction factor n_ef/nEC5 §8.5.1.1 — group efficiency · pass band ±2%reduction0.7080.7080.00%
Wider bolt spacing increases n_efEC5 §8.5.1.1 — n_ef ∝ (a1)^0.25 · pass band ±3%n_ef4.9654.9670.04%
Bolt group fails — demand exceeds n_ef capacityEC5 §8.5.1.1 — design check Fv,Ed ≤ Fv,Rd,group · pass band ±0.5%passes_num000.00%
Gabion walls 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Gabion wall course countCIRIA C516 — standard 0.5m gabion courses · pass band ±0.5%n_courses660.00%
Gabion wall sliding factor of safetyEC7 §9 / BS 8002 — sliding stability of gravity walls · pass band ±8%FoS_sliding1.351.350.00%
Gabion wall overturning factor of safetyEC7 §9 / BS 8002 — overturning about the toe · pass band ±8%FoS_overturning1.781.780.00%
Gabion wall maximum base bearing pressureEC7 §6 — bearing resistance under gravity wall base · pass band ±10%q_max_kPa92920.00%
Taller gabion wall has lower sliding FoSGravity-wall mechanics — thrust ∝ H², weight ∝ H · pass band ±0.5%sliding_ok_num000.00%
EN 1991-2 — Highway loading 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Highway notional lane count (7.3m carriageway)EC1-2 §4.2.3 / BS 5400 — notional lane division · pass band ±0.5%n_lanes220.00%
BS 5400 HA knife-edge load (KEL)BS 5400-2 / BD 37 — 120 kN KEL per notional lane · pass band ±1%KEL_kN2402400.00%
BS 5400 HA bending moment (20m span)BS 5400-2 — M = w·L²/8 + KEL·L/4 · pass band ±3%M_HA_kNm5,7825,7820.00%
BS 5400 HB (45-unit) bending momentBS 5400-2 / BD 37 — HB abnormal vehicle, 45 units · pass band ±3%M_HB_kNm7,5237,5230.00%
EC1-2 Load Model 1 bending momentEC1-2 §4.3.2 — tandem systems + UDL · pass band ±5%M_LM1_kNm3,7003,7000.00%
Slabs on grade 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Slab-on-grade radius of relative stiffness lWestergaard (1926); TR34 §A · pass band ±3%l_char_mm8698690.00%
Slab-on-grade maximum flexural stressWestergaard interior-loading stress equation; TR34 · pass band ±5%sigma_max_MPa2.5932.5930.00%
Slab-on-grade allowable flexural stressTR34 — allowable concrete flexural stress with safety factor · pass band ±5%sigma_allow_MPa1.7381.7380.00%
Slab-on-grade maximum point load capacityTR34 — punching / flexural capacity for a point load · pass band ±8%P_max_kN40.240.20.00%
Slab-on-grade thicker slab carries more loadTR34 — flexural capacity ∝ h² · pass band ±0.5%overall_pass_num110.00%
EC3-1-2 — Steel fire design 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Steel section factor Am/VEC3-1-2 §4.2.5 — section factor for unprotected/protected steel · pass band ±1%Am_V_m11441440.00%
Steel fire load ratio μ0EC3-1-2 §4.2.4 — degree of utilisation in fire · pass band ±2%mu00.50.50.00%
Steel critical temperature θcrEC3-1-2 §4.2.4 Eq (4.22) · pass band ±2%theta_cr_C584.7584.70.00%
Lower load ratio raises critical temperatureEC3-1-2 Eq (4.22) — θcr increases as μ0 decreases · pass band ±3%theta_cr_C697.67000.34%
Protected steel member achieves required REIEC3-1-2 §4.2 + protection thickness design · pass band ±0.5%passes_REI_num110.00%
Culvert hydraulics 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Undersized culvert fails on headwaterFHWA HDS-5 — inlet control headwater · pass band ±0.5%passes_num000.00%
Adequate culvert (1500mm) passesFHWA HDS-5 — inlet/outlet control check · pass band ±0.5%passes_num110.00%
Culvert design headwater (1500mm)FHWA HDS-5 — design HW = max(inlet, outlet control) · pass band ±8%HW_design_m1.1321.1320.00%
Culvert barrel velocityManning / continuity — flow velocity in the barrel · pass band ±10%V_m_s440.00%
Larger culvert lowers headwaterFHWA HDS-5 — HW decreases as barrel size increases · pass band ±10%HW_design_m0.7860.7860.00%
Embodied carbon 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Embodied carbon total (concrete + steel frame)RICS WLCA 2nd Ed; ICE Database carbon factors · pass band ±5%total_kgCO2e17,82017,8200.00%
Embodied carbon intensity per m²RICS WLCA — kgCO2e per m² of floor area · pass band ±5%per_m2_kgCO2e36360.00%
Embodied carbon within RIBA 2030 benchmarkRIBA 2030 Climate Challenge — embodied carbon target · pass band ±0.5%riba_passes_num110.00%
Embodied carbon scales with material quantityBS EN 15978 — carbon ∝ material quantity · pass band ±5%total_kgCO2e6,1606,1600.00%
Embodied carbon per m² — concrete-only structureRICS WLCA — per-m² intensity · pass band ±5%per_m2_kgCO2e12120.00%
AS 3600 — Concrete (Australia) 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
AS 3600 flexural reinforcement (300x550, M*=250)AS 3600:2018 Section 8.1 - rectangular stress block · pass band ±3%Ast_req_mm21,1471,1470.00%
AS 3600 flexural reinforcement (fc=50 MPa)AS 3600:2018 Section 8.1 - alpha2/gamma vary with fc · pass band ±3%Ast_req_mm21,5041,5040.00%
AS 3600 shear reinforcement (V*=150 kN)AS 3600:2018 Section 8.2.5 - Vus = (Asv/s)*fsy*d*cot(theta) · pass band ±4%Asv_req_mm2_m4564560.00%
AS 3600 shear capacity is physically realisticAS 3600:2018 Section 8.2 - phi*Vu = phi*(Vuc + Vus) · pass band ±5%phi_Vn_kN1501500.00%
AS 3600 light-shear beam uses minimum linksAS 3600:2018 Section 8.2.8 - minimum shear reinforcement · pass band ±5%Asv_req_mm2_m2102100.00%
AS 4100 — Steel (Australia) 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
AS 4100 section moment capacity phi*Ms (410UB54, non-compact)AS 4100:2020 Section 5.2.1 - phi*Ms = phi*fy*Ze · pass band ±2%phi_Ms_kNm2672670.00%
AS 4100 shear capacity phi*Vv (410UB54)AS 4100:2020 Section 5.11.2 - phi*Vv = phi*0.6*fy*Aw · pass band ±2%phi_Vv_kN536.2536.20.00%
AS 4100 section moment capacity phi*Ms (530UB92, compact)AS 4100:2020 Section 5.2 - compact section uses plastic modulus Sx · pass band ±2%phi_Ms_kNm639.9639.90.00%
AS 4100 shear capacity phi*Vv (530UB92)AS 4100:2020 Section 5.11.2 · pass band ±2%phi_Vv_kN880.7880.70.00%
AS 4100 standalone shear functionAS 4100:2020 Section 5.11.2 - direct phi*Vv evaluation · pass band ±2%phi_Vv_kN536.2536.20.00%
NZS 3101 — Concrete (NZ) 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
NZS 3101 flexural reinforcement (300x550, M*=250)NZS 3101.1:2006 Section 7 - rectangular stress block · pass band ±3%Ast_req_mm21,1481,1480.00%
NZS 3101 flexural reinforcement scales with momentNZS 3101.1:2006 Section 7 · pass band ±5%Ast_req_mm21,5231,5230.00%
NZS 3101 shear capacity is physically realisticNZS 3101.1:2006 Section 9 - phi*Vn = phi*(Vc + Vs) · pass band ±8%phi_Vn_kN1501500.00%
NZS 3101 nominally-ductile class - minimum steel onlyNZS 3101.1:2006 Section 2.6 - ductility classification · pass band ±0.5%confinement_req_num000.00%
NZS 3101 flexural reinforcement (fc=40 MPa)NZS 3101.1:2006 Section 7 - alpha1/beta1 vary with fc · pass band ±5%Ast_req_mm21,1261,1260.00%
IS 800 — Steel (India) 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
IS 800 moment capacity Md (ISMB400, plastic)IS 800:2007 Section 8.2.1.2 - Md = beta_b*Zp*fy/gamma_m0 · pass band ±2%Md_ltb_kNm284.1284.10.00%
IS 800 shear capacity Vd (ISMB400)IS 800:2007 Section 8.4.1 - Vd = Av*fyw/(sqrt(3)*gamma_m0) · pass band ±2%Vd_kN467.1467.10.00%
IS 800 moment capacity Md (ISMB500)IS 800:2007 Section 8.2.1.2 · pass band ±2%Md_ltb_kNm502.3502.30.00%
IS 800 shear capacity Vd (ISMB500)IS 800:2007 Section 8.4.1 · pass band ±2%Vd_kN669.2669.20.00%
IS 800 standalone shear functionIS 800:2007 Section 8.4.1 - direct Vd evaluation · pass band ±2%Vd_kN467.1467.10.00%
Pressure vessels 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
ASME VIII shell thickness (UG-27 hoop)ASME VIII Div 1 UG-27(c)(1) · pass band ±3%t_req_mm13.9613.960.00%
ASME VIII hoop stress in shellASME VIII Div 1 - circumferential membrane stress · pass band ±3%sigma_hoop_MPa136.4136.40.00%
ASME VIII longitudinal stress = hoop/2Thin-shell theory - longitudinal stress is half the hoop · pass band ±3%sigma_long_MPa68.1868.180.00%
ASME VIII MAWP >= design pressureASME VIII Div 1 - maximum allowable working pressure · pass band ±3%MAWP_MPa2.0062.0060.01%
ASME VIII thicker shell for higher pressureASME VIII Div 1 UG-27 - t increases with P · pass band ±3%t_req_mm25.1225.120.00%
Pipe stress 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
B31.3 hoop stress (mill-tolerance wall)ASME B31.3 Section 304.1 - pressure design of straight pipe · pass band ±3%Sh_MPa54.1854.180.00%
B31.3 allowable displacement-stress range SAASME B31.3 Section 302.3.5(d) - liberal allowable stress range · pass band ±3%SE_allow_MPa289.2289.20.00%
B31.3 sustained longitudinal stressASME B31.3 Section 302.3.5 - sustained-load longitudinal stress · pass band ±5%SL_sust_MPa27.0927.090.00%
B31.3 pressure design adequateASME B31.3 Section 304.1 - pressure design check · pass band ±0.5%pressure_ok_num110.00%
B31.3 hoop stress - larger pipe at lower pressureASME B31.3 Section 304.1 · pass band ±3%Sh_MPa48.7148.710.00%
Time-history analysis 5/5
Case & published sourceQuantityPublishedVolexError
Newmark - zero excitation gives zero responseEquation of motion - trivial solution; integrator stability · pass band ±0.5%u_max_m000.00%
Newmark - natural frequency fn = 1/TnStructural dynamics - fn = 1/Tn · pass band ±1%fn_Hz110.00%
Newmark - step-response peak displacementChopra Section 4 - step response of a damped SDOF system · pass band ±3%u_max_m0.046970.046980.01%
Newmark - spectral acceleration of step responseStructural dynamics - Sa = wn^2 * Sd · pass band ±3%Sa_g0.18940.18940.00%
Newmark - stiffer system deflects lessStructural dynamics - u_static = a/wn^2, wn proportional to 1/Tn · pass band ±5%u_max_m0.011740.011740.03%

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